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Irish officials sort through debris from the Air India bombing in 1985.

By Ujjal Dosanjh and Joe Adam George

Monday, June 23, marks the 40th anniversary of the bombing of Air India Flight 182 — the

deadliest terrorist attack

in Canadian history, and the most lethal act of aviation terrorism in the world prior to 9/11. The bombing left 329 people dead, including 268 Canadians. The investigation into the attack is still “

active and ongoing

,” and is considered “one of the most complex domestic terrorism investigations” undertaken by the RCMP.

Despite

two separate inquiries

finding that Khalistani terrorists in Canada had masterminded the attack, the perpetrators managed to walk away

largely unscathed

, much to the despair of the victims’ families and the frustration of India. To this day, they are

venerated as heroes

by their fellow extremist ideologues.

The Khalistanis form part of a Sikh extremist separatist movement that aims to establish an independent state of Khalistan carved out of India. Although it continues to rally a small but

outspoken minority

of Sikhs, the movement holds virtually

no appeal

among Sikhs in India or the majority of Canada’s Sikh community.

The U.K. government-commissioned

Bloom Review

, which was released in 2023, revealed that Khalistani activists had exploited government ignorance, threatened and intimidated Sikhs, indoctrinated and recruited young people and solicited funds from Sikh temples to advance their agenda.

The review warned the British government that, “The subversive, aggressive and sectarian actions of some pro-Khalistan activists and the subsequent negative effect on wider Sikh communities should not be tolerated.”

Yet Canada’s political class

choose to disregard

those warnings. Politicians of all stripes continue to commit the cardinal sin of

ignoring India’s concerns

and legitimizing Khalistanis by conflating them with the broader Sikh community. They repeatedly

indulge them

, hoping to boost their electoral fortunes, given the

substantial sway

the Sikh vote holds in many ridings throughout the country.

For decades, Canadian Khalistanis have been an enduring national security and diplomatic liability to New Delhi, which

accuses them

of engaging in organized crime and acts of terrorism, both in India and abroad, under the guise of a religious political movement.

During a public hearing of the foreign interference inquiry last year, CSIS members

testified

that Khalistani elements in Canada — with covert backing from Pakistan’s spy agency, Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) — were attempting to undermine Indian interests in the country, confirming

a longstanding allegation

by New Delhi.

In its newly released

2024 public report

, CSIS noted that a small number of Khalistani extremists “continue to use Canada as a base for the promotion, fundraising or planning of violence primarily in India,” which is, in turn, fuelling Indian foreign interference activities in Canada.

Bitter about losing the 1971 war to India that led to

the creation

of Bangladesh, Pakistan took to

supporting

the Khalistan movement in an attempt to destabilize its arch-nemesis and counter its regional dominance.

Following years of protection, funding and

training

from its ISI handlers in Pakistan, the Indian government alleges that the movement morphed into a transnational criminal enterprise. Khalistani gangs started

gaining prominence

in Canada in the 1990s, after a series of

high-profile murders

in B.C., including that of

Tara Singh Hayer

— the only journalist ever assassinated on Canadian soil.

Earlier this month, under an operation called “

Project Pelican

,” Peel Regional Police dismantled a major narco-terrorism network in the Greater Toronto Area that’s linked to suspected Khalistan sympathizers, seizing close to $50 million in cocaine. Proceeds from the drug trade were reportedly used to finance anti-India activities in Canada, including

protests

, referendums and the acquisition of weapons.

Khalistan sympathizers are also believed to have links to Islamist terror groups in the Middle East and South Asia. In Canada, their illicit interests largely converge on narco-terrorism and transnational crime, with the profits used to support anti-Israel and anti-India activities.

During the trial of disgraced former RCMP intelligence official Cameron Ortis,

it emerged that

an associate of Altaf Khanani — a central figure in Hezbollah’s global money laundering and terror financing network — was Harmohan Singh Hakimzada, a powerful Dubai-based heroin trafficker and money launderer whose family is accused of financing Khalistani terror groups.

Last year, the sole individual arrested in the

sensational Hezbollah-linked

$485-million drug bust in B.C. had

alleged ties

to the Khalistan movement.

According to Delhi Police, Khalistani terrorist Arshdeep Singh Gill — who was

arrested in Ontario

last year following a gunfight —

has links to

Pakistan-backed Lashkar-e-Taiba, a

designated terror outfit

in Canada. Lashkar-e-Taiba masterminded the deadly 2008 Mumbai terror attack and reportedly

hosted Hamas leaders

in Pakistan-administered Kashmir earlier this year.

After decades of frustration over the West’s indifference to the Khalistani menace, India finally sees signs of progress, as the Trump administration appears to be acting on the threat in the United States. Following U.S. National Intelligence Director

Tulsi Gabbard’s meetings

with Indian officials in New Delhi in March, the F

BI arrested

a Khalistani terrorist with suspected links to the ISI.

While inviting Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to the G7 Summit in Alberta was a welcome move to mend Canada-India relations, the Carney government can ill-afford to continue ignoring the Khalistani threat.

As the past four decades have shown, permitting extremist groups with criminal tendencies to operate unbridled in Canada has severely undermined the country’s national security and public safety interests.

The Khalistan movement is not a legitimate political cause. It is an extremist, hate-fest-cum-transnational-criminal-entity that was responsible for Canada’s deadliest terror attack and has made our streets less safe. There is nothing Canadian about a movement that

radicalizes children

to hate, and threatens and

glorifies the assassination

of foreign leaders.

As former prime minister Stephen Harper

rightly counselled

, it’s time for Canada’s political class to “sever” ties with Khalistani separatists and treat them with the contempt that murderous terrorists and criminals deserve.

National Post

Ujjal Dosanjh is a former B.C. premier and federal cabinet minister in the government of Prime Minister Paul Martin. Joe Adam George is a national security analyst and research lead on Islamist threats at the Middle East Forum.


Demonstrators wave Iranian flags as one holds up a poster of Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei during a protest against Israeli attacks on Iran, after the Friday prayer ceremonies on June 20, 2025 in central Tehran, Iran.

We are at a decisive moment in the history of the Jews. “Never Again!” was the rallying cry of the Jewish people after approximately half the world’s Jews were gassed and incinerated in the death camps of the Third Reich, s

ix million Jews, along with at least six-million non Jews who were
also murdered by the Nazis (including three million Soviet POWs and as many as 500,000 Romani).
The Jews did not have a state in the 25 centuries between the Persian occupation of the kingdom of Judea of Saul and David and Solomon, and the creation of the State of Israel as an explicitly Jewish country in 1948. For all of that time, the Jews were reviled as “rootless cosmopolitans, usurers and sharpers” because they were excluded from the professions. They had no place of safety from the perennial evils of antisemitism. As Jewish scholar Dara Horn has written, the world “loves dead Jews.” Those that retained a sense of optimistic goodwill, like Anne Frank, expiated the rest of us.

The wars inflicted upon Israel by its Arab neighbours in 1948, 1967, and 1973 — while the existence of the Jewish state was contested — did not aim to kill the entire Jewish people. King Hussein of Jordan and President Sadat of Egypt were civilized statesmen who ultimately composed their differences with Israel. The fanatical Islamic pseudo-theocracy in Iran openly and proudly espouses its objective of destroying the Jewish state and its Jewish population. This is the first existential challenge the Jews have faced since the defeat of the Nazis.

War is odious and tragic, but the spectacle of Israel which has

1.33 per cent

of Iran’s landmass and

10.7 per cent

of its population emancipating itself from the spectre of nuclear destruction by hammering this evil regime is edifying, and the whole world should salute the courage and the determination of the Jewish State and the solidarity with it of the United States.

It is inexpressibly disappointing to see the spread of spurious moral relativism over events in the Middle East. Calls for a ceasefire in Gaza are really just calls for a return to the status quo ante bellum in which Hamas continually provoked and intermittently invaded Israel, and on October 7, brutally murdered 1200 people and kidnapped 251 others, some of whom were murdered in custody.

The predictable clichéd request of the G7 leaders (except for President Donald Trump who retains a grasp of geopolitical facts) for “

de-escalation

” in the Israel-Iran conflict, is effectively a call to enable and encourage Iran to complete and deploy nuclear weapons. The widespread lamentations about American withdrawal from the Iran nuclear agreement are utter nonsense, since that agreement would, at this point, give Iran an outright green light to join the ranks of nuclear military powers. Although some of the neighbouring Arab countries have uttered pro forma

statements of disapproval

of the Israeli attack on Iran, the Saudis and Egyptians in particular, had been urging the United States for years to interdict the Iranian nuclear program, and they are all informally urging Israel forward, as Prime Minister Netanyahu confirmed on Wednesday.

The world’s nuclear nonproliferation system is a farce, and if Iran were responsibly governed, even as responsibly as North Korea and Pakistan which are nuclear powers, the Iranian government would have a good point in claiming that the existing nuclear powers are not disarming at all, and are simply conducting an elite club of super-armed states righteously discouraging other countries from joining them. All that can be said for the present regime is that it is probably preferable to what will certainly happen if Iran does become a nuclear military power: an unlimited number of countries will do the same and avoidance of nuclear war will no longer be based on a policy of restraint in developing and deploying nuclear weapons, but rather in a policy of general deterrence, and in a few cases, intricate and extraordinarily expensive anti-missile defences, which only the United States and a few other countries would be financially and scientifically capable of building.

The Gaza and Iran wars are easily distinguished. Hamas committed an act of war against Israel, violating a ceasefire, on October 7. Israel made it clear, and public and parliamentary opinion have adequately supported this position, that it was not prepared to accept that the barbarous outrage of that day was just another of the innumerable skirmishes and border incidents, but rather, was an act of war that required the elimination of Hamas as a terrorist organization. That was a reasonable response, and it remains a reasonable policy. The successful accomplishment of that goal requires both a comprehensive uprooting and annihilation of the Hamas terrorist apparatus in all of its tunnels and redoubts in Gaza, and the termination of Iranian funding and material support for Hamas and Hezbollah (Lebanon) and the Houthis (Yemen), all of them infamous and designated terrorist organizations.

Of course, everyone wants the hostages released, and everyone (except Hamas) regrets collateral damage to civilians. But the early release of the

20 or so remaining live hostages

is not as important a goal as bringing terrorism in Gaza to a permanent end. What is mystifying is the claim by some, including the

joint statement

by British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, French President Emmanuel Macron and Prime Minister Mark Carney of several weeks ago, that a ceasefire was the only method for assuring the removal of Hamas as the governing authority in Gaza.

As everyone remotely aware of facts, including those three leaders, is aware, a ceasefire is the only method assured of preserving Hamas as the governing authority in Gaza and perpetuating it as a source of terrorist barbarism. Contrary to widespread propagandized belief, as distinguished military historian Andrew Roberts has

argued

, Israel has conducted its operations in Gaza with an unusually small proportion of civilian casualties, which are extremely hard to avoid in urban counter-guerrilla warfare, especially as Hamas uses its own population as human shields in hospitals, mosques, and schools and has made no secret that such casualties are useful to it for propaganda purposes. It is also astonishing that anyone pays any attention to the Hamas-run Gaza Health Ministry’s

unreliable

estimates of civilian casualties. They have managed to roll this number up to

55,000 dead

, a grotesque exaggeration, and includes deaths caused by the “friendly fire” of Hamas itself, as well as dead terrorist fighters.

Of course, Israel is right to end terrorist activity in Gaza, and of course, it is essential that nuclear arms not get into the hands of the present government of Iran, which is dedicated to the destruction of Israel, the liquidation of its Jewish population and is the principal supporter of terrorism in the world.

Either the Iranian government will negotiate a verifiable disassembly of its nuclear military program, or the United States will lend Israel the necessary equipment and ordnance to complete its destruction, or the United States will do that itself. No sane person can claim that it would not be desirable to keep such deadly weapons out of the hands of that criminally diseased regime, or deny that it was

on the brink

of being able to create an atomic bomb (though not a deliverable warhead).

The accomplishment of Israel’s objectives in the present conflict would be a lethal blow to terrorism in the world. It would also salvage something of the international nonproliferation policy, such as it is. And it would be a well-earned and salutary slap in the face to China, Iran’s backer and enabler, recklessly making mischief in the West.

Benjamin Netanyahu and Donald Trump are controversial men, but in these matters they are right.

National Post


Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei

The long list of crimes committed by the Islamic Republic of Iran’s leaders is so extensive, even Hollywood would reject them as too unbelievable to be the villains in a movie. Israel is making the world a safer place by preemptively striking the regime’s nuclear program and military infrastructure. Now, all nations that believe in freedom and security must support Israel and push for regime change in Tehran.

Iran has long posed an existential threat to Israel. In 2005, then-Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

called for

the Jewish state to be “wiped off the map.” In 2018, Ayatollah

Ali Khamenei called it

a “cancerous tumour” that must be “removed and eradicated.” And in 2020,

an image

posted to his website advocated for a “final solution” in Israel, referring to the Nazi genocide against the Jews.

All the while, the regime has been developing weapons capable of carrying out its genocidal intents. Iran has long been enriching uranium to 60 per cent, far above what is needed for civilian purposes and a short step away from the 90 per cent enrichment needed to create an atom bomb. An International Atomic Energy Agency

report

released late last month found that Iran had stockpiled enough enriched uranium to build nine nuclear bombs, and chastised the regime for attempting to hide parts of its nuclear program from inspectors.

But the threat posed by Iran extends far beyond Israel. As it has for many years, in its latest “

Country Reports on Terrorism

,” the U.S. State Department called Iran the world’s “leading state sponsor of terrorism.” In 2023, noted the State Department, “Iran continued supporting acts of terrorism through its proxies and partner groups — such as Hezbollah, Ansar Allah (commonly referred to as the Houthis), Hamas and al-Ashtar Brigades — in Bahrain, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria and Yemen.”

Iran was the chief benefactor of Hamas, the terror group responsible for the October 7 massacre, the deadliest day for Jews since the Holocaust. Following the terror attack, the Iran-backed Houthis spent over a year attacking commercial ships transiting the Red Sea, while Hezbollah, another Iranian proxy, launched repeated attacks against Israel from its base in Lebanon. Meanwhile, according to the State Department, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) has supported terrorist “recruitment, financing and plotting across Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas.”

The Islamic Republic of Iran is a regime that was founded in blood and violations of international law. During the Iranian revolution in 1979, 66 American diplomats and civilians working at the U.S. Embassy were

taken hostage

, many of whom were held for over a year. Yet Iran’s contempt for international norms did not stop at its borders. In 1992, an Iranian-linked group claimed responsibility for

bombing

the Israeli Embassy in Argentina. Two years later, an explosion destroyed a

Jewish centre

in Buenos Aires. Iran is widely believed to have been responsible.

Iran has also been accused of orchestrating numerous assassination plots around the world, targeting Iranian dissidents and opposition figures, along with foreign officials, such as

John Bolton, Mike Pompeo

and

Donald Trump

in the United States. A

2022 study

from the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point noted that, “Over the past 40-plus years, the Islamic Republic of Iran has targeted dissidents, western opponents, Israelis and Jews in assassination plots, abduction plots and surveillance operations that facilitate both. Iran has carried out such external operations around the world.”

In 2020, the

IRGC shot down

Ukraine Airlines Flight 752 shortly after takeoff, killing all 176 passengers on board, including

55 Canadians

and 30 permanent residents. And the terror inflicted by Iran’s theocratic rulers is not limited to foreigners. It is one of the most brutal and repressive regimes on earth, and Iran is one of the least free places in the world, ranking 163 out of 165 countries on the latest “

Human Freedom Index

,” published by the Cato and Fraser institutes.

In 2022, 22-year-old

Mahsa Amini

was arrested and brutally murdered by police for failing to wear her hijab properly. The government crackdown on the

ensuing protests

resulted in the deaths of an estimated 550 demonstrators and the arrest of nearly 20,000. A

report

submitted by the United Nations human rights commissioner to the Human Rights Council this week found that last year, Iran carried out executions at “an alarming rate,” hanging 975 people, including individuals connected with the Mahsa Amini protests and other political dissidents. It also prosecuted 125 journalists last year for their reporting.

This is far from a full accounting of the crimes committed under the direction of the mullahs in Tehran, and yet, the International Criminal Court has chosen to issue

arrest warrants

for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his former defence minister for their prosecution of Israel’s defensive war in Gaza, while giving Ayatollah Khamenei and his henchmen a free pass.

Western leaders must give up the false hope that Iran can be contained through diplomatic means. This has been tried for decades and has repeatedly failed. U.S. President Donald Trump must stop dithering and assist Israel by using American bunker-buster bombs to take out the heavily fortified Fordo nuclear enrichment facility. And his allies, including Canada, must make it clear that they will support the Iranian people in any efforts to overthrow their terrorist rulers.


Smoke rises after an Israeli strike on a building used by Islamic Republic of Iran News Network, part of Iran's state TV broadcaster, on June 16, 2025 in Tehran. (Photo by Stringer/Getty Images)

In the span of just a few days, the ground has shifted beneath the feet of over 90 million Iranians. The sky above roars with the sound of warplanes, sirens, and explosions. Roads are jammed with families fleeing Tehran. Shelters are improvised in metro stations and mosques. The heavy-handed and repressive regime is suddenly exposed, wounded by foreign airstrikes, panicked at the top, and fraying at the edges. And the Iranian people, long silenced, find themselves standing at a rare and dangerous crossroads.

This moment is not about Donald Trump or Benjamin Netanyahu. It is not about the geopolitical ambitions of foreign powers. It is about the people of Iran, the same people who have endured 46 years of fear, oppression, economic despair, and stolen futures under the Islamic Republic. It is about the mothers mourning their children, indiscriminately shot at or left on death row; the dissidents in prison cells; the young women who dared to walk unveiled; and the workers who braved bullets to demand bread and dignity. They are the ones that everyone has forgotten to consult.

Iranians continue to struggle and suffer. Even with the Israel Defense Forces’ precision targeting, there has been collateral damage. Over

200 civilians

have already lost their lives in the past few days due to Israel’s strikes. Bombs do not always distinguish between soldiers and the civilians, between regime assets and innocent children. If nuclear facilities, such as the deeply buried Fordo plant, are targeted, radioactive fallout could spread through the air, soil, and water, posing serious risks to civilian populations.

Iranians who have fled Tehran to the north, trying to comply with Trump’s alarming evacuation orders, now find themselves without enough fuel, food, or medicine.

And yet, we must also speak with clarity: history may not offer a second chance like this where the regime is at its most vulnerable. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), designated as a terrorist organization by Canada, has had its top leadership eliminated and its command structure severely fractured.

The regime’s response to this conflict has been revealing. While bombs fall and buildings burn, instead of concentrating on security and people’s basic needs, its priority remains unchanged: suppress dissent, arrest women for defying the hijab and silence journalists, and punish activists.

The internet has been shut down

and a new bill was just passed in parliament calling for anyone cooperating with Israel to be immediately sentenced to death. Even now, they are more afraid of their own people than of foreign powers. That fear is telling. And it is justified.

Because the Iranian people are not only grieving. They are watching. Waiting. Calculating. Organizing. They understand what is at stake. Many quietly cheer the weakening of a regime that has stolen so much from them, as they see their oppressors fall one by one including the Aerospace Force commander in charge of giving the green light to shoot down flight PS752 killing 176 people, including 85 people with Canadian status.

But Iranians also understand that foreign intervention is not the answer to their wishes and cannot provide stability and long-term freedom and democracy. They know that lasting change can only come from within, by Iranians for Iranians. It must and it will.

So how do we move forward?

First, we must insist that this is not a war called for by the peaceful, freedom-loving Iranian people, but rather one provoked by the brutal regime that has suffocated their fundamental rights and aspirations for nearly half a century and has become the largest state sponsor of terrorism in the world. This is more a war between a tyrannical regime and the people it has held hostage and betrayed. The Islamic Republic does not represent the Iranian people. Any international response must reflect that distinction.

Second, we must do everything in our power to prevent a humanitarian catastrophe. Tehran alone is home to over nine million people, many of whom are elderly, poor, or already traumatized by years of deprivation. Fuel is rationed. Medicine is scarce. Food prices are spiking. Those imprisoned in Evin prison, our political prisoners, our national heroes, have no means of escape. War, if it must be waged, must never forget its human cost and carefully calibrated to minimize harm to civilians.

Third, while now is not the time, amid the chaos of war, as the people of Iran focus on physical and mental survival, a moment for action will eventually arrive. After a ceasefire, when conditions permit and a signal emerges from within Iran itself, perhaps triggered by a major event such as the death of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, that will be the time for mass mobilization: general strikes, student boycotts, and peaceful civil disobedience. The timing and course of action must be determined by Iranians themselves, not by external figures such as Netanyahu, exiled opposition leaders, or armchair critics

When Iranians seize that moment to reclaim their country, not through chaos or vengeance, but with coordination, courage, and a clear vision, it will also be the time to activate civic coalitions capable of providing structure in the aftermath. A broken regime is dangerous, but a power vacuum is deadly. Iran must not become another cautionary tale of a revolution that devolves into civil war or succumbs to new forms of despotism.

A recent op-ed in

The Jerusalem Post

proposed partitioning Iran into ethnic enclaves, if seriously considered as a strategy to keep the country weak, would not only be dangerous but deeply counterproductive. If Israel’s goal is to neutralize the nuclear threat and support Iranians in achieving a change of regime, promoting such ideas risks undermining that very objective. Iranians are fiercely nationalistic and take immense pride in both their territorial integrity and the rich mosaic of ethnicities that form their nation. While the path to change must be led by Iranians themselves and on their own terms, they must also recognize that the window of opportunity is narrow. If they do not reclaim power, more dangerous and destabilizing forces will step in to fill the void.

We must prepare for the day after.

That means activating a nonpartisan,

technocratic transitional team,

drawn from trusted figures inside and outside the country, to guide Iran through the perilous weeks ahead. It means securing humanitarian aid corridors, stabilizing critical infrastructure, and convening the right experts to ensure the path to a democratic system. Eventually, there must be a referendum and free and fair elections that determine a government by and for the people, not imposed from abroad, nor beholden to factions, foreign interests or false prophets.

To the world: Support Iranians. Listen to them. Protect them, by providing internet and satellite, humanitarian aid, but do not speak for them.

To the diaspora: Amplify them. Resource them. But do not lead them without direction from within.

To the regime: Your time is up. Your lies are exhausted. Your terror no longer works. Defect now and receive amnesty or reduced sentences, otherwise face prosecution to the fullest extent of the law.

And to the Iranian people: you are not alone. You are not forgotten. You are the soul of a nation that refuses to die. You have already endured what no people should have to. You have every right to rebuild, reach your full potential and join the peaceful family of democracies.

Nazanin Afshin-Jam MacKay is an award-winning human rights and democracy advocate, co-founder of the Iranian Justice Collective and Stop Child Executions, and organizer of a network of over a hundred Iranian diaspora groups and other high-profile advocates from around the world. She was born in Iran and fled to Canada when she was two-years old after her father was imprisoned and tortured by the revolutionary guard. She grew up in Vancouver and now lives in Nova Scotia with her husband, Peter MacKay, and three children.


Thirty years ago, the Sacred Assembly, a national meeting on Indigenous affairs organized by Elijah Harper, called for a “National First Peoples Day,” the first of which was observed the following year on June 21, 1996. It coincides with the summer solstice, highlighting the importance of the sun in various Indigenous

religious beliefs

. It has been observed ever since, now using “

Indigenous Peoples

” rather than “First Peoples.”

Four hundred years ago, in June 1625, French Jesuit missionaries —

Jean de Brébeuf

amongst them — arrived in Quebec, whence they would launch their religious and cultural work in Huronia, northwest of what is now Toronto, amongst the Wendat (Huron) people.

Exactly a century ago, on June 21, 1925, Brébeuf and his martyred Jesuit companions were beatified in Rome, with a contemporary celebration at what is now the Martyrs’ Shrine in Midland, Ont. They were canonized five years later, in 1930.

Ten years ago this month, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) released its executive summary and 94 “calls to action.” Justin Trudeau, then the leader of the third party, announced that he would accept the TRC report and all its claims without exception. By December 2015, when the entire six-volume report was released, he was prime minister.

The TRC was massively influential. Eighteen months after its full release, the 2017 celebrations of the sesquicentennial of Confederation were relatively muted. The TRC recasting of four centuries of history through the singular prism of the residential schools made the entire Canadian project out to be an unrelenting campaign of genocidal brutality, a massive criminal enterprise. What then to celebrate at Canada 150?

In 2021, the apparent discovery of “mass graves” in Kamloops set off a global firestorm, the flames of which were fanned by the prime minister himself. Statues of his first predecessor, Sir John A. Macdonald, were splattered, shattered, scrapped and shuttered.

A new statutory holiday was rushed through in a matter of weeks, the

National Day for Truth and Reconciliation

, observed for the first time on Sept. 30, 2021.

That was the TRC’s impact. In the 1990s, Indigenous leaders had called for a day to celebrate Canada’s aboriginal heritage. It is a day of commemoration, but not a statutory holiday. The TRC statutory holiday, in contrast, says, in effect, that the residential schools are the most important thing in Indigenous history.

Just four years ago, the future of Canada’s history seemed to be definitively different from its past. And then much changed.

In 2022, the exaggerated false claims about Kamloops were exposed — not least by journalist Terry Glavin

in these pages

— but not as a whitewash of Canadian history, and certainly not as exculpatory of the residential school policy. Quite the contrary in fact.

That summer Pope Francis visited Canada on a “penitential pilgrimage” and offered apologies, but he also

said things

that had not been said for a long time, praising the good work that the European missionaries did, not least in preserving Indigenous languages and defending them against the depredations of colonial authorities.

The upshot is that now, four hundred years after the Jesuits’ arrival in New France, three hundred years after their beatification, 30 years after the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 10 years after the TRC, a more truthful — and thus more reconciling — history is now being told.

A significant step came last year with the publication of

Crosses in the Sky: Jean de Brébeuf and Destruction of Huronia

 by

Mark Bourrie

, who writes meticulous history in bracing style. (He recently published a biography of Pierre Poilievre.)

Attempting the “first secular” biography of Brébeuf, Bourrie is not writing hagiography. It’s not obvious that a “secular” telling can capture the lives of saints, who are, almost by definition, outside the usual historical categories. His assessment of Brébeuf would offend many pious ears, even as he insists that we ought not “judge the people of these worlds through a 21st-century lens.”

It is a worthy project, history seeking truth, rather than today’s politics shaping history. The truth can be difficult to read. Bourrie shows how the Huron and Iroquois were war-making peoples, and that the gruesome martyrdom of Brébeuf by the latter followed their usual practise of torture. The 17th-century was like that; Brébeuf left Europe in the midst of the bloodletting of the Thirty Years War. The Europeans were war-making peoples with their own tastes in torture.

Would Biblioasis, the impressive new publisher in Windsor, Ont., have published

Crosses in the Sky

 just five years ago? Perhaps, as they seem a doughty band. Would it have been received to

critical acclaim

then? Unlikely.

Earlier this year, the Jesuits from Martyrs’ Shrine took the Jesuit relics across Canada on a

tour

to commemorate their anniversaries. The relics were received with honour by Indigenous leaders at the Seven Chiefs Sportsplex near Calgary. A more complex, more accurate, history is now being told, 10 years after the TRC buried its own research under a political agenda.

The proper response to incomplete truths — or even falsehoods — told in the past is not compensation with more incomplete truths and falsehoods. The only answer is more truth, the fruit of more open discussion, more free enquiry.

Ten years after the TRC, a year after Bourrie’s book, four hundred years after the Jesuits arrived, that work ought to be taken up anew.

National Post


Cows are seen in a dairy farm in Granby, Que., on Feb. 5.

First Reading is a Canadian politics newsletter curated by the National Post’s own Tristin Hopper. To get an early version sent directly to your inbox, sign up here.

TOP STORY

As Canada is actively trying to expand its trade with the non-U.S. world, Parliament has just entrenched the one thing that has scuppered more trade negotiations than anything else.

This week, the first bill passed by the 45th Parliament ended up being a Bloc Québécois-championed proposal to shield the Canadian supply management system from any foreign trade negotiations.

Bill C-202, which passed the Senate on Wednesday, bars the Department of Foreign Affairs from negotiating any trade deal that liberalizes foreign access to Canada’s heavily tariffed dairy and egg sector.

Although the bill has been framed as a boon to the country’s 9,000 dairy farms, everyone from trade analysts to other Canadian farmers have warned that it comes at the cost of kneecapping Canada’s ability to grow its global trade links.

The Grain Growers of Canada trashed the bill, saying it scares away trade partners at the precise moment that Canada needs to find more of them. “For grain farmers who rely on access to international markets, the result will be less ambitious trade agreements, fewer export opportunities, and slower economic growth at home,” said Kyle Larkin, the group’s executive director, in a Wednesday statement.

The Canadian Agri-Food Trade Alliance (CAFTA) similarly framed C-202 as throwing a wrench into Canada’s “accelerated trade diversification agenda.”

“At a time when Canada must be demonstrating leadership and consistency in defending predictable, rules-based trade, this bill sends the wrong message,” CAFTA said, in a press release.

Supply management has directly led to the collapse of at least one major Canadian trade deal, and has held up negotiations on several others.

In January 2024, the U.K. walked away from negotiations for a bilateral trade deal with Canada over Ottawa’s refusal to compromise on supply management and accept increased imports of British cheese.

During 2015 negotiations for the since-cancelled Trans-Pacific Partnership, Canada’s refusal to allow free trade access to its dairy sector wound up becoming one of the deal’s most conspicuous snags.

As U.S. negotiator Darci Vetter said at the time, Canada was trying to close a “market access” deal that “doesn’t include market access.”

A 2016 trade agreement struck with the European Union was secured only after Canada agreed to liberalized European access to the Canadian dairy market — but at the cost of billions in compensation paid to dairy farmers.

Under the terms of Bill C-202, no such compromises would be allowed.

First established under the government of then prime minister Pierre Trudeau in the 1970s, supply management effectively functions as a state-managed cartel for the production of dairy, poultry and eggs.

Supply managed goods are all subject to price fixing by centralized marketing boards, which also set quotas controlling how much each farm is allowed to produce. Any surplus produced outside the quota has to be destroyed. In the dairy industry alone, this usually works out to several hundred million litres of dumped milk each year.

Supply management doesn’t work without a strict program of import quotas and prohibitive tariffs, as the entire purpose of the system is to keep prices artificially high by controlling the amount of product allowed into the Canadian market.

Any grocer looking to import foreign cheese or dairy must apply for a special import permit that is then subject to tight quotas. Any imports outside the quota are hit with some of the highest tariffs in Canada, with rates of at least 200 per cent.

The system is not only a constant bugbear for trade negotiations, but it’s also perennially landing Canada in foreign trade disputes — often for cases that it ends up losing.

In 2018, Canada joined the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPATPP), an 11-member free trade pact mostly comprising Pacific Rim nations.

Almost immediately, Canada would become the target of the agreement’s first major trade dispute, when New Zealand took Ottawa to task for a failure to approve dairy import quotas.

Canada had been allowed into CPATPP on the grounds that while it could retain its supply management system, it would at least be required to extend favourable dairy import quotas to the other signatories.

When Ottawa simply refused to grant the quotas to importers, New Zealand took Canada before a panel of arbitrators, who ended up siding with the Kiwis.

Supply management was also at the core of one of the first disputes launched under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement. There again, Canada was accused of agreeing to quotas that it then never authorized.

In Senate testimony last November over an earlier version of Bill C-202, C.D. Howe Institute economist Daniel Schwanen warned that any entrenchment of supply management would come at the expense of hampering the “99 per cent” of the Canadian economy that doesn’t fall within a supply managed industry.

“Other Canadian sectors that depend on open international trade — including the bulk of Canada’s agriculture — generate jobs, government revenues, and of course exports that are overwhelmingly more important,” said Schwanen.

Sylvain Charlebois, a Dalhousie University agri-food researcher who is one of the country’s leading critics of supply management, wrote in an op-ed this week that Bill C-202 serves only to turn Canada into a “trade pariah.”

IN OTHER NEWS

 After years of posting one of the highest rates of population growth in the world, Canada got through the first quarter of 2025 with a growth rate of 0.0 per cent. This is largely the effect of Canada cancelling the visas for hundreds of thousands of temporary migrants allowed into the country between 2022 and 2024. Because, as Statistics Canada notes, immigration intake is still quite high, but for now it’s being cancelled out by an exodus of foreign students and temporary foreign workers.

Bill C-5, the legislation that would allow Prime Minister Mark Carney to suspend one of 13 federal laws in the service of a company or development project, is proving to be remarkably popular among conservatives. Conservative MPs have signalled they will vote for it, and conservative premiers such as Alberta’s Danielle Smith and Saskatchewan’s Scott Moe have given it the thumbs-up. The only real pushback it’s getting from mainstream political circles is a warning that giving massive, unchecked unilateral powers to the prime minister to approve some projects and not others might eventually turn out to be a bad idea. That particular warning comes via a Liberal MP, of all people. B.C.’s Patrick Weiler told National Post that he liked the extraordinary powers outlined in the bill, but was worried they “could be used in bad faith by a future government.”

 For a brief twilight period in the early weeks of 2025, Canada laboured under the assumption that if it only beefed up its border security, it might be spared a trade war with the United States. One of the conspicuous overtures of that period was the RCMP renting some used Black Hawk helicopters to perform patrols of the U.S.-Canada border.  But now, the Helicopter Association of Canada is accusing Ottawa of approving the Black Hawks for use despite the fact that they do not meet Canadian safety standards. There’s also the fact that Black Hawks, which are intended for heavy lift missions, don’t really make sense in a border patrol context. So there’s a chance that this whole saga occurred simply because Canada wanted an American-sounding helicopter it could show off to the White House to look like it was serious on border security.

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Edmonton Oilers captain Connor McDavid, left, and centre Leon Draisaitl react to a Florida Panthers empty-net goal during the third period in Game 6 of the Stanley Cup final in Sunrise, Fla., on Tuesday.

The other day a U.S. news network emailed me to see if I wanted to do a radio interview about Canada’s Stanley Cup drought, which, as you all know, has just had its 32nd birthday; I presume somebody has done the decent thing and gone out and bought it a nice terry-cloth bathrobe or perhaps a stylish quarter-zip. I begged off from the request, citing pathological gloom, and resumed staring at the ceiling, an activity I intend to resume after I’ve written a few hundred words here. Nice to be back, by the way: please don’t ask how my little Oiler-fan break went.

The email brought a thought I’ve often had back to the surface of my mind, like a hunk of strawberry in a smoothie. People often blame high Canadian taxation for our Stanley Cup crisis; in a league bound by a collectively bargained salary cap, U.S. states with low income taxes have an obvious advantage in attracting free-agent players, an advantage generally accompanied by nicer weather, prettier golf courses and other features of American economics and culture.

There can’t be any doubt that this is a real contributing factor to the ongoing drought, although when I look at the roster of the victorious Florida Panthers I don’t see the cruel talon of the taxman. Honesty requires me to report that Florida’s just effing full of tough, capable players that other teams, mostly Canadian ones, flat-out gave up on and dealt away.

But this reminds you that the tax burden influences every level of a competitive business that is even a little bit complicated. When it comes to the effects of onerous Canadian taxes, it’s relatively easy to see that a free-agent player facing near-equal contract offers is likely to be tempted by the lower-tax jurisdiction. And the thought that keeps recurring to me is: “We could fix that part. We could fix it easily. We could fix it overnight.”

I’m frankly amazed that some banzai backbencher with ambitions hasn’t picked up this flag — advocating a large, explicit tax cut for NHL players in Canada, with the stated goal of giving Canadian teams a positive advantage in contesting the Cup (which, you will surely recall, is morally and lawfully the property of the Canadian people and not the National Hockey League).

Oh, sure, our governments would be forgoing some tax revenue from a particular category of rich people that we have decided we want to encourage, reward and retain; I suppose we can’t countenance that sort of thing, except when it comes to, say, 

the inclusion rate

on capital-gains taxes paid by corporations and trusts. If a government wanted to give more favourable tax treatment to professional hockey players, it could probably do so in a shrewdly disguised way. But it might be smarter to do it openly: declare that we’re not going to fight for the Cup with one hand tied behind our backs.

Any such tax design would be criticized as a subsidy for “millionaires” by the same people who weep blood when somebody looks slightly askance at arts funding or tax credits for Hollywood movies. For that matter, I notice that my money and yours is unflinchingly poured without qualm into buildings for hockey whose economic benefits are promptly devoured by billionaires with a B.

The mere multimillionaires out on the ice in the NHL playoffs are the elite of a distinctively Canadian cultural activity, of a uniquely Canadian contribution to human happiness, and when they play for Canadian teams, they are making awesome personal sacrifices in Canadian causes whose importance everybody recognizes. They’re not even paid extra for the playoff games, come to think of it — and yet we’re now in the special post-season period where they are suddenly 

free to exhibit

the disgusting lacerations and lesions they earned in the late stages of playoff warfare.

I do not say that an income-tax break for NHL players is a good idea: I say only that the case could be made. The problem is that it probably wouldn’t work. The issue Canadian teams have in signing free-agent players is one nugget amidst an Everest of gravel. Hockey teams are also competing for front-office and coaching talent, and players are all looking ahead to careers and businesses they might try after retirement, and if you have children while playing in the U.S., they’re born with an economically sizable gift called an “American passport.” Of course, we’re all supposed to believe that our taxes make our country a nicer, better place to live overall — in which case there shouldn’t be any problem. See you in year 33!

National Post

Twitter.com/colbycosh

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The Ford government's attempt to promote growth by pouring money into infrastructure and “investing” in electric vehicle battery plants, is, so far, not working.

The Ontario government’s finances are a paradox. The PC government regularly boasts about “historic” levels of spending, but faces constant complaints about underfunding, especially from the health-care, education and post-secondary sectors.

What’s the real picture?

In fact, budget figures show that revenue and spending have increased dramatically since Premier Doug Ford was first elected. In 2019–20, his first full-year budget, total government revenue was $156.1 billion. This year, it’s projected to be $219.9 billion, a 41 per cent increase. Spending has gone up by about the same percentage, from $164.8 billion in 2019–20 to a projected $232.5 billion this year.

With such a large spending increase, it’s hard to believe that anything could be underfunded, but discouragingly, that is the case.

Ontario’s per capita spending on

health care is second lowest

in the country. Per-student funding for Ontario

universities is the lowest

in Canada. The province does a bit better on

public education, with the sixth highest

per-student funding nationally.

Those are disappointing numbers. One would expect more from the country’s biggest province.

It’s not like the Ford government is restraining spending to balance the books. Far from it. That first Ford budget had a $9-billion deficit and the current one projects a deficit of $14.6 billion.

A

new report card on this year’s budget

gives Finance Minister Peter Bethlenfalvy a grade of D- for his performance on the critical issues of debt, debt interest payments, spending increases and tax relief.

The Canadian Taxpayers Federation report notes that Bethlenfalvy’s latest budget increases debt by $22 billion, and says that by the end of the budget year, debt will have reached $461 billion. That’s about $28,472 per person, the second highest in the country. Net interest payments will cost Ontarians just over $1,000 per person this year, the fourth highest in the country. Spending is up 7.9 per cent, third highest among provinces.

The only moderately bright note in the taxpayers’ report card was tax relief, where the Ford government finally made permanent a longstanding 5.7 cent per litre gas tax cut.

Unfortunately, that cut is not typical of the Ford government’s performance on taxes. 

Promises made in 2018

to cut corporate taxes and personal income taxes remain unfulfilled. Ontario’s combined federal/provincial top marginal tax rate of 53.53 per cent is the third highest of any jurisdiction in Canada or the U.S.

The Ford government takes a lot of money from Ontarians through personal income taxes, sales taxes, heath-care taxes and education property taxes. This year, annual personal income taxes will be $20 billion higher than they were in 2019–20. The sales tax take is up $11.5 billion. Corporate tax has risen by $10.6 billion. Where does all the extra money go?

Here, at least, there is some reassuring news. The health, education and post-secondary sectors have all benefited substantially from the increased tax take. In 2019–20, health spending was $63.7 billion. In 2025–26, it is projected to be $91.1 billion. Comparing the same two time periods, education has gone from $30.2 billion to $41 billion and post-secondary spending will rise from $10.5 billion to $13 billion.

Combined spending in those three sectors has gone up just under 40 per cent, in line with the overall revenue and spending increase. With that kind of increase in spending one would expect to see marked improvements in those three areas. There have been some in health, not much in public education or post-secondary.

Three factors have muted the effects of increased government spending. The first is inflation. Between 2019 and now, it has increased 19 per cent. That means government has to spend a lot more money just to keep service levels the same. There are also significantly more people using services. In 2019, Ontario had a population of 14.5 million. Now it’s 16.1 million. And let’s not forget the cost of that accumulated debt. Interest and debt servicing has risen from $12.5 billion to $16.2 billion this year.

The provincial government and its taxpayers are on a treadmill, paying more every year without seeing big improvements in key spending areas. The fundamental problem is that economic growth is not strong enough to provide the taxes the province requires.

Growth in Ontario has been

lagging the other provinces

since 2000. Gross domestic product per capita in Ontario used to be 4.9 per cent higher than the rest of Canada. By 2023, it was 3.2 per cent lower.

The Ford government has desperately tried to promote growth, pouring money into infrastructure and “investing” billions in electric vehicle battery plants. So far, it’s not working and Ontarians continue to pay the price with high taxes and mediocre service levels.

National Post

randalldenley1@gmail.com


Prime Minister Mark Carney

On a recent mission to Israel, it broke my heart to hear a young Jewish Canadian question whether he had a future in Canada. One participant responded: “Only the Prime Minister of Canada can answer that.”

So, Prime Minister Mark Carney, I ask you plainly: Do Canadian Jews have a safe and secure future in this country? Because if the answer is yes — and I hope it is — then you need to start showing it. Now.

Since October 7th, Canadian Jews have watched in horror as Hamas terrorists unleashed unimaginable brutality — murdering, raping, torturing, and kidnapping innocent Israelis. It was the deadliest day for Jews since the Holocaust. And yet, from your government, we’ve heard equivocation, moral hedging, and, increasingly, empathy for everyone but the Jewish people.

You’ve spoken — repeatedly — about Palestinian suffering. And yes, there is deep suffering in Gaza. But why is your empathy so one-sided? Why does your language suggest that Jews are the aggressors, Israelis the oppressors, and the Jewish state, somehow, less worthy of defence than any other democracy under attack?

You have failed to clearly condemn Hamas. You have failed to affirm Israel’s right to self-defense. And you have failed to stand with Canada’s Jewish community at a time when we are being vilified — physically, emotionally, and institutionally.

To many Jews in Israel and around the world, it is still October 7th. And now, with the direct war between Israel and Iran, we are reminded that October 7th was not an isolated atrocity, but part of a much larger campaign by those who seek to destroy the Jewish state and destabilize the region. The trauma continues, because the crime continues. Fifty-three

hostages

remain in Gaza. Israel believes about 20 are still alive — women, children, and elderly. Until every last one is freed, there can be no healing. That should be a matter of universal outrage. And your foreign minister’s remarks have only deepened the sense of abandonment among Canadian Jews.

Here in Canada, synagogues are vandalized. Jewish schools threatened. Students assaulted on university campuses. Protesters wave Hamas flags in our streets. And your government responds with platitudes instead of protection.

This is not theoretical for me.

My grandparents were murdered by the Nazis. And just months ago, my grandchild and his mother — my daughter — were verbally attacked on a Toronto subway for being Jewish. Three generations have suffered. One through extermination. One through fear. One through open hatred — right here in Canada. I hope you can see why I’m worried.

The double standard is impossible to miss. Your reluctance to confront the normalization of antisemitism in Canada has been chilling. And your silence as Jewish Canadians wonder whether they still belong here is, frankly, unforgivable.

We are no longer asking for reassurance. We are demanding it.

Because this is not just about foreign policy. It’s about what kind of country Canada will be under your leadership.

If you want the over 400,000 Jews who call this country home to stay here — to raise our children here, to invest, serve, and believe in Canada — then we must be treated as full citizens whose security and dignity matter just as much as anyone else’s.

That means:

· Calling Hamas what it is: a genocidal terrorist organization.

· Affirming Israel’s right to exist and defend itself.

· Condemning antisemitism — clearly, loudly, and without hesitation.

· Demanding the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages.

· Rejecting narratives that turn Jewish students into targets and Jewish Canadians into pariahs.

And one final, urgent request: Go to Israel.

Every other G7 leader — except Japan — has made that trip since October 7th, as have many NATO allies. Canada has not. Your absence is noted — not just in Jerusalem, but in Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg, and every Jewish community across this country. If you stand against terror, against antisemitism, and with democratic allies, then show up. In person. On the ground. With purpose.

Leadership is not about balancing narratives. It’s about moral clarity. Go to Israel, prime minister, and show us where you truly stand.

We are not asking for special treatment. But we will not accept abandonment. We are proud Canadians. But pride only survives when it is matched with protection.

So again, Mr. Prime Minister: Do Canadian Jews have a future in this country? With the ground shaking in Israel and the skies filled with Iranian missiles, your response cannot wait.

Rick Ekstein is a proud first-generation Canadian, son of Holocaust survivors, businessman and philanthropist.

National Post


Canadian Identity and Culture Minister Steven Guilbeault announces the creation of the Canada Strong Pass, at the Canadian Museum of Nature in Ottawa on Monday, June 16, 2025.

I have had some fun in the past

at the expense of the Liberal Party of Canada’s

distinctly upper-class obsession with the Great Outdoors

— this notion that every Canadian has soloed a canoe through morning mist amidst the haunting call of loons, or if they haven’t, then something has gone awry.

I’ll have a bit more fun with it here now that

details of the “Canada Strong Pass” have been released

… but that’s not to say there’s nothing salvageable from this endeavour.

Two of the main items offered free or at a discount this summer are travel on Via Rail (free for kids travelling with an adult; 25 per cent off for 18-to-24-year-olds), and campsites at national parks, which will be free to visit during the day this summer.

But it’s the third week of June. Most people — people who aren’t politicians, for example — will already have booked their vacations by now. And if they haven’t, good luck finding a nice campsite before Labour Day (when the discounts terminate). Those reservations became available in January and February, depending on the park, and they go

very

quickly. (Perhaps ironically, those who booked

before

the Canada Strong Pass became official will be eligible for partial refunds.)

Via, for the record, directly services a single national park: Jasper. I found a “discounted” youth fare from Toronto to Jasper on July 2 … for $503. That gets you a plain old seat, for 70 hours and 35 minutes. Airlines will get you as far as Edmonton in 4 hours for less than that.

I found a rare available berth on Via — a seat that converts into a semi-private bunk — for the Aug. 31 departure, but the youth discount doesn’t apply to those. And if it did, it would still be 25 per cent off $1,612.

Of course Via is more useful between cities in Eastern Canada; trains don’t sell out months in advance the way the long-distance routes do. But the Canada Strong Pass is framed as a national unity exercise, and at this point in our history, transporting Ontarians and Quebecers back and forth on summer holidays probably isn’t going to offer much of a nationalist boost. Two Solitudes is an 80-year-old book; Canada contains more solitudes now.

Having vented my spleen, let me also say the notion of building national unity by encouraging domestic travel isn’t at all daft, and nor is offering free or discounted entry to national museums and historic sites. Many Canadians are appallingly ignorant of the things they might learn there.

So the question then becomes: Is this a one-off,

the fulfilment of an election promise

designed mostly to capitalize on anti-Trump sentiment and a precipitous decline in Canadians’ travel to the U.S.? Or could it be part of a coherent longer-term strategy to introduce or reintroduce Canadians to their shared history and culture, and to each other?

If it’s the latter, the feds certainly can’t do it alone: Provincial parks, historic sites, museums and galleries are just as important to Canada’s story as their federal analogues — as are municipal ones and many privately managed facilities. And the feds certainly can’t be in charge of getting Canadians physically on the move. They run a cruel mockery of a passenger railway, which services only five of 10 provincial capitals, plus Ottawa, and some ferries on the East Coast.

Subsidizing airline fares might not go over very well — carriers would probably just jack up the prices to compensate anyway — but we could at least open the airline market to domestic routes by foreign carriers and see what effect more competition has. We could try to make air travel less miserable by enforcing customer-service standards and compensation rules the way most First World countries do.

 Taking a Via Rail train is not a bad way to see the country, but it can be expensive.

There’s also good old-fashioned bus travel, as well, some of which is subsidized as it stands (as is Via, of course, to a far more outlandish extent). An almost improbable number of

Laurentian baby boomers will jaw your ear off

about back when they took the train out to Banff or Jasper to work for the summer as young people. Lifelong memories, fancy-free romance in the berths, singsongs, all that good sepia-toned stuff.

But it was an expensive way to travel even then: In its Summer 1975 timetable, CN listed peak fares of up to $103 between Toronto and Vancouver, or $159 with a berth. That’s $921 today. I’d wager a good few employees at Jasper Park Lodge and Banff Springs have some equally fun stories about taking the bus or hitchhiking (now: ridesharing) west.

It’s not an easy job. Many of the factors that send Canadians abroad instead of elsewhere in Canada are innate. The way some people don’t like canoe trips, a lot of people would prefer to spend their vacations on a beach escaping the winter … and we don’t have any winter beaches. But since we’re supposedly breaking down internal barriers to trade, we might as well extend that to internal barriers to tourism as best we can.

National Post

cselley@postmedia.com